Child and Youth Adhd Analysis Essay - 2238 Words

CHYS 1F90 Midterm Assignment October 2012 Title Page Name: Crooks Emily Student Number: 5308796 Seminar Number: 38 Seminar Leader’s Name: Mary Spring Section A | Markers: record grade for Section A Essay. Section A is marked out of 20 | Section A | | Section BStudents: circle the 3 you answered in Section B | Markers: record grade for each question answered. Each of the 3 Section B answers is marked out of 10 | Q1 | | Q2 | | Q3 | | Q4 | | Total grade for Midterm Assignment: ________ /50 Throughout this paper I’ll explore George and Simon’s development through various theoretical lenses. George and Simon are both 8-years old and are unrelated children who have been diagnosed†¦show more content†¦He places a strong emphasis on environmental influences and believes that development is continuous and based primarily on learning. (McNamara Sept 12, foundation of development). This theory is based on the premise that one’s nurturing environment can override their genetics. Both boys live with their families but in two different neighborhoods home environments. Both are the middle children of 3, and each a brother and a sister (aside from ADHD, this is about all they have is common). According to the behaviorism theory the environmental influences with which the boys are exposed to, can certainly have an influence on their developmental trajectories. Although both George and Simon may have a genetic bias for ADHD, they have very different nur turing and surrounding environment. Since Simon and George have been exposed to different environmental influences and external stimuli, I believe their developmental paths will differ significantly. Based on a psychoanalytical perspective, later consequences will arise of early experiences (McNamara Sept 12, foundation of development). Georges’ environmental influences such as is his active life style and school activities, his high income family, his involved traditional family setting, and his parent’s exceptionally active support seeking for his ADHD may all result in a more positive developmental path. Simon’s environment on the other hand may result in him having more negative outcomes. Simon’s environment differs fromShow MoreRelatedEssay On Disruptive Behavior Disorders905 Words   |  4 PagesDisruptive behavior disorders (DBD) such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), an d various behavioral disorders associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other developmental disorders (DD), are the most prevalent diagnoses that children are referred for mental health treatment services. These diagnoses and other behavioral problem symptoms are the dominant reason that behavioral problems often manifest during earlyRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder1321 Words   |  6 Pagesexacerbated by: behaviors that are developmentally appropriate, cultural differences between home and school, and the lack of knowledge of the symptoms and disorder that is ADHD. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity disorder is one of the most prevalent conditions amongst youth nation wide. Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder also known as ADHD is a developmental brain disorder â€Å"characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention† (APA 2013). Children can beRead MoreThe Effects Of Methylphenidate On Children And Youth940 Words   |  4 PagesDisorder (ADHD) wasn’t introduced until the 1960s. Many studies have been conducted in order to determine the effects it has on the brain as well as, the tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal with being prescribed Ritalin. Within these studies, the effectiveness of Ritalin on children and youth are considered. This research has shown that Ritalin has a negative impact on health, it is over prescribed towards children, and if it is actually necessary. Ritalin has been said to help youth with theirRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagesmore documented in today’s medical journals, than ever recorded in past years. It is one of the most common disorders among children in today’s youth. Rana Parekh from the American Psychiatric Association (2017) states that â€Å"An estimated 5 percent of children and 2.5 percent of adults have ADHD† proving that it is more prevalent in children than adults. ADHD is a condition more recognized now than ever before, characterized by symptoms in which the brain has difficulty keeping on task due to intermittentRead MoreWhere Does Bad Behavior Do Children Come From?1515 Words   |  7 Pagesan outraged child, one must consider why he/she is like this. Three of the reasons why a child could be acting out are separation anxiety, the size of the child’s family and birth order, and disorders. Separation anxiety is defined as the troubled reaction of a child when the parent is absent. This anxiety materializes during the second half year in infants. Separation anxiety usually becomes less frequent and less intense at the end of the first year, but sometimes when the child doesn’t understandRead MoreAnesthetizing Our Youth a Commentary on Over Medicating for ADHD591 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"ADHD is the most extensively studied pediatric mental health disorder, yet controversy and public debate over the diagnosis and medication treatment of the disorder continue to exist.† (Connor D., P.1, 2011) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often a debated subject when the method of treatment is being discussed because it has become a trending issue to over medicate children with ADHD. A fitting label for the trend is the anesthetization of our youth, caused by government agencyRead MoreEssay On Well Managed Learning Environment1024 Words   |  5 Pagesprograms and effective policies will improve student’s attitudes and performance in class. The education we get in our early childhood is setting a base for us that will impact how well we learn in our adolescent years. Research shows that the earlier a child begins learning, the better they will do in school. The beginning of an individual’s education should be in pre-school and less â€Å"than 3 in 10 four year olds† are attending decent pre-school programs. Many low-income families cannot afford to enrollRead MoreAn In-Depth Analysis on the Prescription of Stimulant Medication as a Treatment for ADHD1141 Words   |  5 Pagescases of misuse and diversion that can severely affect the users entire life, and play a very unclear part in any other substance abuse they engage in later in life. ADHD is quickly becoming one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders, and the rate seems to continue increasing as more information on it becomes available. Then again ADHD has a fairly wide range of functions it can affect. While the disorder, for children anyway, can be simplified down to hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention,Read More Over-diagnosis and Medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)3078 Words   |  13 Pagesdiagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and describing the many plausible reasons behind this diagnostic inflation. Although the reasons mentioned in the paper cannot be scientifically tested to provide a direct answer, factual evidence shows a valid correlation. Moving forward, the paper generally addresses the presence of mental disease within the American youth. However, one will see how mental disorders such as ADHD are classified in such broad terms. The format of theRead MoreInvestigating The Risk Factors Among Youth Within The Criminal Justice System826 Words   |  4 Pages Examining the Risk Factors Among Youth Within the Juvenile Justice System: Can We Predict if a Child Will End Up in the Criminal Justice System? Clare Fenty Alfred University Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4 CHAPTER 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Problem Statement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Rationale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 CHAPTER 2 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Theories on Juvenile Delinquency †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8

Cloud Computing Security - 67046 Words

SECURITY GUIDANCE FOR CRITICAL AREAS OF FOCUS IN CLOUD COMPUTING V3.0 SECURITY GUIDANCE FOR CRITICAL AREAS OF FOCUS IN CLOUD COMPUTING V3.0 INTRODUCTION The guidance provided herein is the third version of the Cloud Security Alliance document, â€Å"Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud Computing,† which was originally released in April 2009. The permanent archive locations for these documents are: http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v3.0.pdf (this document) http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v2.1.pdf (version 2 guidance) http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v1.0.pdf (version 1 guidance) In a departure from the second version of our guidance, each domain was†¦show more content†¦45 Domain 5: Information Management and Data Security ..................................................................................................... 50 Domain 6: Interoperability and Portability .......................................................................................................................... 64 Section III. Operating in the Cloud ......... ............................................................................................................................. 73 Domain 7: Traditional Security, Business Continuity, and Disaster Recovery ..................................................................... 74 Domain 8: Data Center Operations ...................................................................................................................................... 89 Domain 9: Incident Response .............................................................................................................................................. 93 Domain 10: Application Security ........................................................................................................................................ 103 Domain 11: Encryption and Key Management .................................................................................................................. 129 Domain 12: Identity, Entitlement, and Acce ss ManagementShow MoreRelatedThe Security Of Cloud Computing1395 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing will take a look into what is could computing and what are the potential security issues, I will be covering topics such as why would a company use cloud computing and how could computing is beneficial for an organisation. I will also look into the security of cloud computing. I will then go on to discuss what is being done to combat these issues, touching on the policies used by Netflix, Sony and Apple. Technical usage of the term cloud computing is the description of distributed systems,Read MoreCloud Computing Security And Security1432 Words   |  6 PagesCloud Computing is a new computing model where data can be stored in the cloud environment can be accessed from anywhere-anytime due to the distributed architecture of cloud environment [1]. Many companies provide the cloud computing platforms such as Google, Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, and VMware. The use of the cloud computing is increased a lot in the real world as it effective and efficiency in the developing the applications and also as the resources are easily available on cloud whichRead MoreCloud Computing Security1256 Words   |  5 PagesCloud computing security or, more simply, cloud security is an evolving sub-domain of computer security, network security, and, more broadly, information security. It refers to a broad set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to protect data, applications, and the associated infrastructure of cloud computing. Cloud security is not to be confused with security software offerings that are cloud-based such as security as a service. 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Cloud Computing Security Cloud computing security is a set of control based technologies and policies that must follow certain rules in order to protect applications, data and any information associated with cloud computing. ItRead MoreCloud Security And Trends Of Cloud Computing5158 Words   |  21 PagesCloud Security and Trends Contributor Institute email Abstract The periphery of cloud computing is growing quick as the exchange of data is strengthening globally. The cloud range of computing is giving the clients overpowering experiences. Alongside its numerous positive elements it likewise presented risk and dangers in web based environment. 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It can be the ability to rent a virtual server, load software on it, turn it on and off at will. It can be storing and securing large amounts of data that is accessible only by authorized applications and users. Cloud computing can be the ability to use applications on the Internet that store and protect data while providing a service anything includingRead MoreGlobal Security : Cloud Computing Essay1218 Words   |  5 PagesABSTRACT Cloud computing provides a flexible, collaboration and cost efficient way for business to manage computing resource online. However, while cloud services provide potential benefits to business, it also come with increased security risks. This report aims to identify the most common current threats to secure information in the cloud and the most common vulnerabilities that are exploited in order to realize those threats. Recommended controls to mitigate the risks of these threats being realizedRead MoreSecurity Issues For Cloud Computing1359 Words   |  6 Pages There would various security issues to cloud computing Concerning illustration it includes Numerous innovations including networks, databases, operating systems, virtualization, asset scheduling, transaction management, load balancing, concurrency control and memory administration. Therefore, security issues to a significant number of these frameworks and innovations would relevant to cloud computing. For example, those system that interconnects the frameworks to a cloud need to be secure. Furthermore

Global Business Environment and Issues †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Global Business Environment and Issues. Answer: Introduction Global business environment can simply be termed as the environment in foreign countries that relates to organization or companys home environment which influences decision making(Parisa Samimi, 2014). Cross-border business activities can simply be defined as business operations in a foreign country. International businesses may be described as business operations that take place between two different countries(Muhammad Akram Ch, 2011). This consists of small companies that do exportation of their products to a single foreign country as well as very huge companies with many operations all over the world. Distinctions are usually defined among various types of global firms. One distinction that can be of help is the difference between multi-domestic firms and global firms. Domestic and international firms share the same objective which is functioning successfully to continue operations. Different countries have different laws, political systems and regulations, currency, import taxes and duties. An individual who plans to travel across borders to another country must have legal documents accepted by the country, currency of the country, should be able to communicate easily in that country and also be dressed decently according to the culture of the foreign country(Reich, 1998). Doing business transactions in a foreign country also consists of similar necessities and hence it is even difficult than doing business transactions at home country. The following sections will explore some of these issues. Political system Every country has its own political system and every company or organization planning to engage in international business must be aware of political environment of the country its exporting its product or services to. Democracies follow the rule of the law. It states that no one is above the law including the government whereas authoritarian regimes often do whatever their leaders want them to do(Farhad Nezhad Haj Ali Irani, 2011). For a case where a company chooses to do its business in democratic regimes it will have protection of the rule of law as a necessity whereas in authoritarian countries it is not a necessity to have protection of the rule of law. Various countries impose barriers so as to protect their domestic businesses from competition from foreign businesses hence they will be forced to contend with tariffs. Economic systems When an organization or a company starts engaging in cross-border businesses it faces different economic systems(Muhammad Akram Ch, 2011). A good economic market for a business is a free market. A free market is where the government is not involved in regulating business transactions in the country. Though finding a country with a free market is hard hence the best suitable economic system for a business is mixed economy. Mixed economy has characteristics of both command economy and free market economy. Cultural environment Having adequate knowledge of cultures and customs of a country a firm wants to indulge into business transactions with and respecting them plays an important role in international business. Cultural practices include values and manners, religion and tradition. Culture has a major impact in the consumption market hence its very vital for any business to understand the culture of the country it plans to do business with. This is done by marketers to establish the acceptability of a product in foreign market. When studying culture of a country Hofstedes model is the appropriate model to carry out the study. Hostedes model helps in outlining various ways in which culture can be classified into(Hofstede, 2011). They include power distance, individualism vs. collectivism and masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance and finally long term orientation. Social environment Social environment is also an important thing to understand. A person is limited by the society he lives in. Social class is a key part in the society(Muhammad Akram Ch, 2011). The level of brain wave of each class and their buying frequency differ from region to region. Family is an important part of this type of environment and over time lifestyle has been changing due to changes in trends, technology and many more and this influences their consumer behavior. International trade theories For business to take place between countries comparative advantage is considered whereby country A exports what it does best in to country B and imports what it is poor in from country B. Therefore, for a business to thrive in cross-border trade it must first know what the foreign country is poor in maybe its a service or goods(Sen, 2010). Having known what, the country is likely to import it should also consider which regions the foreign countries gets the products from and the price at which it acquires its needs with. This helps in eliminating underpricing or over-pricing. International strategies for a firm to thrive. A company may plan to start business in foreign country in various ways which includes: exporting, contracts, franchising and planting their own company in a foreign country, joint ventures e t c. Exporting is always the first choice for many companies as it is cheap for a start and many companies rely on exports since they started their operations(Kasimoglu, 1997). Effective exporting requires one to be careful and pay attention to details so that the process can be successful, an exporter should know if it is important to use intermediaries and when to use them, when and how to process export documents, which mode of transport to use, arrange payments methods suitable for both parties and so on. Contracts are often used by companies which transact special services e.g. engineering, technical support, food supply and so on, in another country for a limited period of time at a specified constant fee. Contacts are usually short term. Their short period nature is a major drawback and the contracting company needs to develop new businesses in the region(Kasimoglu, 1997). This requires a lot of expertise as marketing a company in a foreign market is time consuming and very expensive. Large companies can start new companies in foreign countries construct facilities and train foreigners and the hand over the company to a foreign owner, this is known as Turnkey contracts(Reich, 1998). This usually involves large projects for example construction of airports, railways, dams and so on. This usually requires large financing hence financed by international financial institutions like World Bank. Firms involved in this type of business can be very profitable but on the other hand require expertise in their operations. Franchises is sale of the right to operate business operations. A good example is Mercedes Benz in countries like Kenya, Uganda and many African countries. A good franchise requires power over something other people are willing to spend on, for example name, products or a way in which things are done. Finding franchisees and maintaining power over franchisable assets in a foreign country may not be easy. To be successful the franchising company must make sure it accomplishes both of these. In the global competitive environment, the capability to initiate cross-border organizational ability is the main factor that can assist the company to adapt to the changes that are present in the dynamic environment. It is crucial for organizational managers to have international mindset in order for them to be effective. This is because the traditional ways of conducting business have been rendered useless due to the globalization. As discussed in this paper, strategies for global cooperation will result from the combination of international business and strategic management. These strategies are influenced by political, economic, social, and cultural environment. References Farhad Nezhad Haj Ali Irani, M. R. N., 2011. Globalization and Challenges; What are the globalization's contemporary issues?. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science , 1(6), pp. 216-217. Hofstede, G., 2011. Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context, s.l.: s.n. Kasimoglu, M., 1997. Survival Strategies for Companies in Global Business World: A Case Study , s.l.: anakkale 18th March University. Muhammad Akram Ch, M. A. F. M. K. B. D. I. A., 2011. Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(23), pp. 291-296. Parisa Samimi, H. S. J., 2014. Globalization and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence on the Role of Complementarities. PLOS ONE, 9(4). Reich, S., 1998. What is Globalization? Four Possible Answers, s.l.: s.n. Sen, S., 2010. International Trade Theory and Policy: A Review of the Literature, s.l.: Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

Study on Bangus Raising free essay sample

Taiwan and Indonesia; although others thought this option was not practical as the fry were very expensive. Enter Finfish Hatcheries, Inc. FHI), which selling bangus fry and fingerlings, among others. â€Å"We have  been in the bangus fry production business since 1997,† says Rene B. Bocaya, FHI’s national marketing manager. According to Bocaya, the price per piece of wild bangus fry was P1. 00 a decade or so ago. â€Å"With the introduction to the market of hatchery produced fry (local and imported), the price now ranges from thirty to forty-five centavos per piece only. The hatchery-produced fry doesn’t only give very big savings to the fishpond operators, but it also provides them good quality and steady supply throughout the year. As a result of steady supply of bangus in the market, there are now processing plants for bangus value-added products. The foreign exchange earnings from bangus exports has been reported to be about US million. In Sarangani Province, where the FHI’s hatchery is located, bangus production has increased considerably. Actually, the hatchery is in Lun Masla, Malapatan. Here, about 13,000 breeders are maintained and managed to produce bangus eggs on a daily basis throughout the year. The eggs are collected, cleaned and hatched. The hatchlings are grown to the marketable sizes in 18-21 days in larval ponds. During the growing period, they are fed with a mixture of planktons and commercial feeds. The breeders are 50% males and 50% females. â€Å"It is tedious to sex the fish individually and tag them,† Bocaya explains. â€Å"We have some breeders that are more than 25 years old and are still breeding in groups well. † It takes 5 years for a bangus to mature sexually. FHI selects breeders for commercial production only when they are 8 years old. The female mature breeder, called  sabalo,  can produce seven kilos of eggs in one year. And one kilo consists of 750,000 eggs. Bangus spawns in ponds in frenzy at night. The  sabalo  release the eggs while the males discharge the milt. Fertilization happens externally in the pond water. There is no need for hormone induction for mature breeders. The eggs are collected in nets in the early morning. They are cleaned and placed in the larval ponds immediately. â€Å"The bangus eggs hatch in the ponds within 24 hours,† Bocaya informs. The hatchlings feed on the yolk sac for about 2-3 days. They undergo morphological transformations. As first feeds, the larva are supplied natural food in a mixture of zoo- and phyto-planktons. Commercial feeds are provided in the last quarter of the production. † Bangus is grown in a number of stages and in varying degrees of culture intensity depending on the grower’s production design and the nature of the growing environment. The simplest bangus value chain is the three-stage system of a nursery stage, a transition stage and a grow-out stage.In the nursery, bangus is grown from fry (kawag-kawag) to fingerling (hatirin). In the transition stage, the fingerlings are grown to juvenile (garungan). In the grow-out stage the juveniles are grown to marketable sizes. In the grow-out stage, bangus is produced in a number of categories depending on the pond structure the capitalization and the grower’s production design. Traditional extensive ponds using  lablab  as feeds normally seed 2,000 juveniles of 50 grams in size. Lablab  production is takes 6 weeks. A well-prepared  lablab  pond can produce 500 kilograms of fish biomass. With 2,000 juveniles stocked, the grower is able to produce 300-gram fish in three to four months from seeding. Bangus grown in marine cage systems. In intensive ponds with aeration, growers can produce 8,000-10,000 kilograms of bangus fish in a hectare. Stocking density to grow 500-gram fish is about 20,000 juveniles per hectare. In fish pens in Laguna Lake, juveniles of 30 to 50 grams are stocked at 50,000 per hectare. There is no feeding needed as the lake provides the algae that the bangus feed on. In marine sea cages, juveniles of 30 to 50 grams are stocked at a rate of 20-50 per square meter depending on the site and the business plan of the grower. Harvest can reach up to 30-40 kilograms per cubic meter of 500-gram bangus in six to eight months. According to Bocaya, at least 50 percent of the costs in intensive pond systems goes to feeds. The other costs that figure are electricity, water, labor and pond maintenance costs. In marine cage systems, feeds are 80 percent of the costs. In extensive systems,  lablab  production is still 40 percent of the costs. On the average, gross profits are at about 25 to 30 percent of selling price on a good year across all production systems,† Bocaya points out. No wonder,  sales of hatchery-bred fingerlings are increasing. When they were new, the fish operators and growers were skeptical about using the hatchery-bred fingerlings. They thought that those caught from the wild were more hardy. However, the perceptions of bangus farmers have changed, Bocaya said. They now prefer the hatchery-bred fingerlings because they are more uniform and they also grow faster.Those from the wild usually have a survival rate of 50 to 60 percent while those from the hatchery usually have 82 to 85 percent survival rate. FHI now sells  hatchery-bred fingerlings  all over the country. It delivers only when the minimum volume of order is 500,000 pieces. â€Å"Generally, the buyers pick-up the fry from our sales offices,† Bocaya says. Buyers can buy fingerlings from their main sales office at 2286 Alsons Building, Pasong Tamo Extension in Makati City. They have offices also in Bacolod City, Iloilo City, and Alabel, Sarangani Province.